The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” references an opinion piece (oped) revealed on Opednews.com authored by Dale Ruff. The core subject material revolves across the hypothetical or potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency. The phrase represents a query posed to the viewers, prompting consideration of this particular political state of affairs as analyzed throughout the referenced article.
Items of this nature, revealed on platforms like Opednews, contribute to public discourse on political figures and potential coverage implications. They provide various views and analyses, fostering a extra knowledgeable citizens. Analyzing potential future eventualities permits people to contemplate potential outcomes and penalties of political decisions, selling essential pondering.
The following evaluation will delve into the potential arguments and issues raised within the article by Dale Ruff, accessible by way of Opednews, relating to a possible Trump presidency. It is going to discover the underlying themes and assumptions driving the piece, providing an in depth understanding of the angle introduced.
1. Political Commentary
The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” is basically rooted in political commentary. It encapsulates an evaluation, doubtless essential or cautionary, relating to the prospect of a Donald Trump presidency. The OpEd revealed on Opednews, and authored by Dale Ruff, serves as a automobile for disseminating this commentary to a wider viewers. The query posed inherently invitations consideration of the potential ramifications and penalties related to a particular political chief holding govt energy. The article’s existence, and its publication on a platform devoted to opinion items, underscores the very important position political commentary performs in shaping public notion and influencing discourse relating to political candidates and their insurance policies. For instance, the article might analyze Trump’s previous coverage choices, statements, or potential future actions, providing an opinion on their doubtless influence on numerous sectors of society.
The significance of political commentary as a part of this phrase lies in its potential to stimulate essential engagement with political processes. It encourages voters to maneuver past surface-level observations and delve right into a extra complete understanding of the potential implications of their political decisions. The “are you prepared” framing compels reflection, prompting people to actively assess their very own preparedness for the potential realities introduced throughout the evaluation. Much like how pre-election polling influences debate subjects, one of these political commentary, delivered by way of an op-ed format, can affect the narrative and issues main as much as an election cycle. Articles analyzing a candidate’s influence on international coverage, financial technique, or social packages exemplify the tangible influence of such commentary.
In conclusion, the connection between political commentary and the phrase into consideration is inseparable. The phrase itself represents an invite to have interaction with a specific type of political evaluation. The article referenced by way of “opednews” serves for example of how political commentary capabilities in apply by providing views, elevating issues, and finally contributing to a extra knowledgeable public discourse. The challenges lie in making certain that such commentary relies on factual data, introduced with mental honesty, and goals to foster constructive dialogue quite than merely selling partisan agendas.
2. Opednews Platform
The Opednews platform capabilities as an important part throughout the reference “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” as a result of it serves because the dissemination channel for Dale Ruff’s opinion piece. With out Opednews, the precise arguments and views articulated by Ruff wouldn’t attain a broad viewers. The platform’s existence allows the propagation of commentary on the potential implications of a Trump presidency, thereby contributing to the bigger public discourse surrounding this political determine. Opednews offers a stage for viewpoints that might not be available by way of mainstream media retailers, providing various analyses and doubtlessly difficult typical narratives. The causal hyperlink is direct: Opednews facilitates the visibility and influence of Ruff’s evaluation relating to a possible Trump presidency.
The significance of Opednews throughout the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” lies in its accessibility. The platform typically permits for a wider vary of voices and views in comparison with extra conventional media sources. This may result in a extra various and nuanced understanding of advanced political points. For instance, Opednews may publish articles from teachers, activists, or involved residents who supply distinctive insights primarily based on their particular experience or lived experiences. In distinction, massive media firms might prioritize narratives that align with their company pursuits or adhere to particular political agendas. By offering a platform for impartial commentary, Opednews contributes to a extra democratized circulate of data.
In abstract, the Opednews platform is integrally linked to the that means and influence of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. It’s the automobile by way of which the opinion piece is delivered, enabling the unfold of concepts and contributing to public discourse. Whereas platforms like Opednews face challenges in making certain factual accuracy and combating misinformation, their potential to amplify various voices and supply various views stays virtually important. Understanding this relationship is essential for evaluating the credibility and affect of the opinions introduced throughout the specified context.
3. Creator’s Viewpoint
The core of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” hinges on the creator’s viewpoint, because it dictates the substance and route of the opinion piece. This attitude, expressed by way of Dale Ruff’s writing on Opednews, frames your entire dialogue surrounding a possible Trump presidency, shaping the arguments introduced and influencing reader notion.
-
Affect on Argumentation
The creator’s viewpoint instantly shapes the arguments and analyses introduced throughout the article. If the creator holds a adverse view of Trump’s insurance policies or management type, the article will doubtless give attention to potential dangers, drawbacks, and adverse penalties. Conversely, a extra favorable viewpoint may emphasize potential advantages, alternatives, and constructive outcomes. The chosen proof, framing of points, and general tone all mirror this underlying perspective. For example, an creator involved about financial instability might spotlight potential commerce wars or deregulation insurance policies as adverse penalties of a Trump presidency, whereas an creator prioritizing nationwide safety may emphasize a strengthened army or stricter immigration insurance policies as advantages.
-
Number of Proof
The creator’s perspective considerably impacts the choice of proof used to assist their claims. An creator holding a essential view may cite statistics on job losses, environmental harm, or elevated social division throughout a earlier Trump administration, selectively selecting knowledge that helps a adverse narrative. Conversely, an creator with a extra constructive view may spotlight financial development, job creation, or profitable diplomatic negotiations, drawing on proof that reinforces a good evaluation. This selective use of proof demonstrates how a pre-existing viewpoint influences the interpretation and presentation of factual data.
-
Framing of Points
The creator’s viewpoint additionally determines how particular points are framed. For instance, immigration coverage may very well be framed as a matter of nationwide safety, financial alternative, or human rights, relying on the creator’s underlying perspective. An creator prioritizing nationwide safety may body immigration as a menace to frame management and social cohesion, whereas an creator emphasizing human rights may body it as an ethical crucial to guard weak populations in search of refuge. This framing considerably influences how readers understand the difficulty and shapes their understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency.
-
Tone and Model
The creator’s underlying viewpoint is commonly conveyed by way of the tone and magnificence of the writing. A essential perspective is likely to be expressed by way of a tone of alarm, concern, or skepticism, whereas a extra favorable perspective is likely to be introduced with optimism, enthusiasm, or confidence. Rhetorical gadgets, similar to irony, sarcasm, or passionate appeals, may also be used to convey the creator’s angle towards the subject material. The precise language decisions, sentence construction, and general stylistic strategy contribute to the general influence of the creator’s viewpoint on the reader.
In the end, the creator’s viewpoint, as embodied by Dale Ruff, kinds the bedrock of the “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” framework. This attitude, nonetheless, must be critically evaluated alongside different viewpoints to acquire a balanced understanding of the potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency. The reader ought to pay attention to potential biases inherent in any single perspective, encouraging a extra thorough and nuanced consideration of the problems at hand. By contemplating the creator’s viewpoint within the context of the broader political panorama, one can achieve a extra full understanding of the potential implications mentioned throughout the referenced Opednews article.
4. Trump Presidency
The potential Trump presidency is central to understanding “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The query posed inherently focuses on the potential influence and preparedness for a Trump administration. Dale Ruff’s op-ed, revealed on Opednews, doubtless explores numerous sides of such a state of affairs, aiming to tell and doubtlessly warning readers about its implications. The next factors elaborate on this relationship.
-
Coverage Reversals and Continuations
A core consideration revolves round potential coverage shifts. A second Trump time period may outcome within the reversal of insurance policies applied by the present administration and the continuation or enlargement of insurance policies initiated throughout his first time period. The article may analyze particular coverage areas similar to commerce, immigration, environmental regulation, and international coverage, assessing the potential penalties of those modifications. For instance, the op-ed may look at the influence of tariffs on particular industries or analyze the potential ramifications of withdrawing from worldwide agreements. “Are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” forces the reader to contemplate and kind judgements of what Trump may implement.
-
Govt Energy and Governance
The train of govt energy throughout a hypothetical Trump presidency is a pertinent space of research. This encompasses the usage of govt orders, appointments to key authorities positions, and the general administration of the chief department. The article may look at previous situations of govt motion and speculate on how these precedents may very well be utilized sooner or later. For example, it may discover the implications of appointing people with particular ideological leanings to positions of energy throughout the judiciary or regulatory companies. Due to this fact, contemplating how the Trump administration could be structured is a part of this text.
-
Financial Influence and Commerce Relations
The financial penalties of a Trump presidency are more likely to be a major focus. This contains the potential results on financial development, employment, inflation, and commerce relations. The article may analyze potential modifications to tax coverage, commerce agreements, and regulatory frameworks, assessing their potential influence on numerous sectors of the financial system. For instance, it may look at the impact of potential commerce wars on particular industries or analyze the influence of deregulation on environmental safety and employee security. To get readers desirous about cash and spending, it highlights the significance.
-
Social and Cultural Divides
The article may additionally handle the potential for elevated social and cultural polarization. This contains inspecting the rhetoric utilized by the Trump administration, its stance on points similar to immigration, race relations, and gender equality, and its potential influence on social cohesion. The creator may analyze the potential for elevated social unrest, the erosion of civil liberties, or the marginalization of minority teams. Due to this fact, Trump presidency is commonly highlighted in his previous speeches and rallies, and can proceed to be a core worth.
-
World Relationships and Worldwide Standing
The op-ed may assess how a Trump presidency may reshape U.S. relationships with different international locations and influence America’s standing on the world stage. The creator may delve into potential shifts in alliances, commerce agreements, and diplomatic methods. For instance, an evaluation of withdrawing from worldwide accords or realigning with particular nations may very well be introduced. In the end, how America is perceived internationally turns into an essential matter when studying “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”.
These sides, explored within the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” spotlight the multi-faceted nature of a possible Trump presidency. The op-ed by Dale Ruff doubtless goals to offer readers with a framework for understanding these complexities and forming knowledgeable opinions in regards to the potential penalties. The core goal stays to lift consciousness of what a Trump presidency entails.
5. Public Discourse
Public discourse kinds the lifeblood of democratic societies, enabling open dialogue and debate on pertinent points. Within the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” public discourse turns into the world the place the potential implications of a Trump presidency are examined, challenged, and finally, understood by the citizens. The op-ed itself serves as a contribution to this discourse, prompting additional engagement and reflection.
-
Shaping Public Opinion
Public discourse, fueled by articles just like the one referenced, instantly shapes public opinion relating to political candidates and their insurance policies. Media protection, social media discussions, and casual conversations contribute to a collective understanding of the potential penalties of various political decisions. The op-ed by Dale Ruff goals to affect this understanding by presenting a particular viewpoint and evaluation. The influence of such articles on voting choices and political engagement is a testomony to the facility of public discourse in shaping political outcomes. For instance, an article specializing in potential financial penalties may sway undecided voters or mobilize assist for or in opposition to a specific candidate.
-
Facilitating Knowledgeable Resolution-Making
A strong public discourse, characterised by various views and fact-based arguments, facilitates knowledgeable decision-making by voters. By offering entry to totally different analyses and viewpoints, people can critically consider the potential implications of their decisions and make extra knowledgeable choices on the poll field. The op-ed, on this context, serves as a supply of data and evaluation that voters can use to tell their understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency. Evaluating and contrasting totally different viewpoints accessible by way of public discourse permits for a extra complete understanding of the problems at stake.
-
Holding Political Leaders Accountable
Public discourse performs an important position in holding political leaders accountable for his or her actions and guarantees. Media scrutiny, public strain, and arranged activism contribute to a local weather of accountability that may affect political habits and coverage choices. The op-ed, by elevating issues and posing essential questions on a possible Trump presidency, contributes to this accountability mechanism. A vibrant public discourse ensures that political leaders are held liable for their phrases and deeds, each throughout and after their time in workplace.
-
Selling Civic Engagement
Partaking in public discourse fosters civic engagement and encourages people to take part actively within the political course of. Discussing political points, sharing opinions, and advocating for particular insurance policies contribute to a extra knowledgeable and engaged citizenry. The op-ed, by prompting reflection and dialogue, can stimulate civic engagement by encouraging readers to contemplate the potential penalties of a Trump presidency and to take motion accordingly. Taking part on the town corridor conferences, contacting elected officers, and supporting political organizations are all examples of how public discourse can translate into significant civic engagement.
These sides illustrate the very important position of public discourse in shaping the context surrounding “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The op-ed itself capabilities as a catalyst for dialogue, debate, and demanding evaluation of a possible Trump presidency. And not using a vibrant public discourse, the influence and significance of such articles could be considerably diminished. The continued change of concepts, opinions, and analyses is important for knowledgeable decision-making and a wholesome democracy.
6. Potential Impacts
The consideration of potential impacts is intrinsic to the phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The op-ed by Dale Ruff, revealed on Opednews, inherently seeks to discover and analyze the doable penalties, each constructive and adverse, of a Donald Trump presidency. The query posed instantly prompts an analysis of those potential impacts, urging preparedness for numerous outcomes.
-
Financial Stability and Commerce Relations
Potential impacts on financial stability and commerce relations kind a major space of concern. A Trump presidency may lead to alterations to commerce agreements, tariff insurance policies, and home financial rules. These shifts might influence financial development, employment charges, and the monetary well-being of people and companies. The op-ed may look at particular sectors that may very well be significantly weak to those modifications, similar to manufacturing, agriculture, or expertise. For instance, the imposition of tariffs on imported items may result in greater client costs and retaliatory measures from different international locations, doubtlessly harming American companies.
-
Environmental Laws and Local weather Change
Environmental rules and local weather change insurance policies are one other essential space of potential influence. A Trump administration may result in a rollback of current environmental protections, elevated fossil gasoline manufacturing, and a weakening of worldwide commitments to handle local weather change. These modifications may have important penalties for air and water high quality, public well being, and the long-term sustainability of the planet. The op-ed may discover the potential influence of those insurance policies on particular ecosystems, similar to nationwide parks or coastal areas. Elevated greenhouse gasoline emissions, as an example, may contribute to rising sea ranges and extra frequent excessive climate occasions.
-
Healthcare Entry and Affordability
Healthcare entry and affordability are additionally topic to potential impacts. A Trump presidency may result in modifications within the Inexpensive Care Act (ACA) or different healthcare insurance policies, doubtlessly affecting the variety of Individuals with medical insurance and the price of medical care. The op-ed may analyze the potential influence of those modifications on low-income people, folks with pre-existing situations, and the general stability of the healthcare system. For instance, repealing the ACA and not using a viable alternative may go away hundreds of thousands of Individuals with out medical insurance, doubtlessly resulting in elevated charges of uncompensated care and monetary hardship for hospitals and people.
-
Immigration Insurance policies and Social Cohesion
Adjustments to immigration insurance policies and their influence on social cohesion symbolize an additional important potential consequence. A Trump administration may implement stricter border enforcement measures, restrict authorized immigration pathways, and alter insurance policies affecting undocumented immigrants. These modifications may have important penalties for households, communities, and the general social material of the nation. The op-ed may discover the potential influence of those insurance policies on particular immigrant communities or the broader financial system. For example, limiting immigration may result in labor shortages in sure sectors, elevated social tensions, and a decline in cultural variety.
These potential impacts underscore the gravity of the query posed by “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The op-ed doubtless endeavors to equip readers with a framework for assessing these potential penalties and forming knowledgeable opinions in regards to the potential trajectory of the nation underneath a Trump presidency. It challenges readers to proactively take into account and put together for the assorted doable realities that might emerge.
7. Essential Evaluation
Essential evaluation is inextricably linked to the core that means and goal of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The phrase itself implicitly calls for engagement with a rigorous evaluation of the potential penalties related to a particular political state of affairs. The op-ed, revealed on Opednews and authored by Dale Ruff, capabilities as a automobile for presenting such evaluation, prompting readers to maneuver past superficial understanding and have interaction with a deeper analysis of the subject material. The influence lies in empowering the viewers to kind knowledgeable opinions quite than passively accepting pre-conceived notions or biased narratives. The query, “are you prepared?” necessitates a considerate and reasoned reply, derived from thorough scrutiny of obtainable data and potential outcomes.
An instance of this interaction might be seen in analyzing potential financial impacts. An uncritical studying may merely settle for claims of job creation or financial development at face worth. Nevertheless, a essential evaluation would delve deeper, inspecting the methodology used to generate these claims, scrutinizing various knowledge sources, and contemplating potential unintended penalties. It will assess whether or not the reported job creation is sustainable, whether or not the financial development advantages all sectors of society equally, and whether or not there are any hidden prices related to the insurance policies being applied. One other illustration might be present in analyzing proposed modifications to environmental rules. A essential strategy calls for analysis of scientific proof, evaluation of potential environmental harm, and consideration of long-term sustainability implications. It requires a cautious examination of competing pursuits and a balanced evaluation of the potential trade-offs concerned. For instance, the impacts on human well being, native ecosystems, and future useful resource availability ought to all be thought of when figuring out the advantage of such modifications.
The sensible significance of understanding the connection between essential evaluation and “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” rests on its potential to foster a extra knowledgeable and engaged citizenry. When readers strategy political discourse with a essential mindset, they’re much less inclined to manipulation and propaganda. They’re higher outfitted to guage the credibility of sources, establish biases, and assemble well-reasoned arguments. In the end, this interprets into extra accountable voting choices and a extra sturdy and accountable political system. Challenges stay in selling essential pondering abilities and making certain entry to various and dependable sources of data. Nevertheless, the hassle to foster essential engagement with political points is important for preserving the integrity of democratic processes and making certain that political choices are primarily based on sound judgment and knowledgeable public opinion.
8. Ruff’s Arguments
The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” necessitates a consideration of Dale Ruff’s particular arguments. These arguments, introduced within the op-ed revealed on Opednews, instantly inform the query being posed. They supply the substance and context for assessing preparedness for a possible Trump presidency. The validity and persuasiveness of Ruff’s arguments, subsequently, considerably influence the reply to the central query and its relevance to public discourse.
For example, if Ruff’s arguments middle on potential financial instability ensuing from particular insurance policies, the reader should consider the proof introduced to find out the credibility of those claims. This analysis might contain analyzing financial knowledge, contemplating various views from different economists, and assessing the potential influence on numerous sectors of the financial system. Equally, if Ruff’s arguments give attention to potential social divisions or erosion of civil liberties, the reader should critically look at the historic precedents, assess the potential influence on marginalized teams, and weigh the competing values at stake. Ruff could also be addressing subjects similar to commerce, relations with allies, or potential shifts in home coverage. Understanding the muse and particulars of Ruff’s factors is important to guage if one is prepared for what the presidency may entail.
The sensible significance of understanding the connection between Ruff’s arguments and “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” rests on its potential to advertise knowledgeable deliberation and accountable citizenship. By rigorously analyzing Ruff’s arguments, the reader can develop a extra nuanced understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency. This understanding can then inform voting choices, political engagement, and general participation within the democratic course of. A problem lies in making certain that readers have entry to various views and are outfitted with the essential pondering abilities crucial to guage the validity of competing claims. In the end, engagement with Ruff’s arguments is a vital step in making ready oneself for the potential realities of a particular political future.
Incessantly Requested Questions
The next questions handle frequent inquiries and issues associated to the potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency, as examined in opinion items similar to these authored by Dale Ruff and revealed on platforms like Opednews.
Query 1: What particular areas are sometimes analyzed when contemplating a Trump presidency?
Analyses typically give attention to potential shifts in financial coverage, commerce relations, environmental rules, healthcare entry, immigration insurance policies, and worldwide relations. These areas symbolize key sectors that might expertise important modifications underneath a Trump administration.
Query 2: How may a Trump presidency influence the financial system?
Potential financial impacts might embrace modifications in tax coverage, deregulation, commerce agreements, and general financial development. Analyses discover the potential penalties of those modifications on employment, inflation, and the monetary stability of varied sectors.
Query 3: What are the potential implications for environmental rules?
A Trump presidency may result in a rollback of environmental protections, elevated fossil gasoline manufacturing, and a weakening of worldwide commitments to handle local weather change. Analyses look at the potential penalties for air and water high quality, public well being, and long-term sustainability.
Query 4: How may healthcare entry and affordability be affected?
Adjustments to the Inexpensive Care Act or different healthcare insurance policies may have an effect on the variety of people with medical insurance and the price of medical care. Analyses typically assess the potential influence on low-income people, these with pre-existing situations, and the general stability of the healthcare system.
Query 5: What influence may immigration insurance policies have on social cohesion?
Stricter border enforcement measures, limitations on authorized immigration pathways, and alterations to insurance policies affecting undocumented immigrants may influence households, communities, and the general social material. Analyses look at the potential penalties for particular immigrant communities and the broader financial system.
Query 6: How may a Trump presidency alter worldwide relations?
A possible Trump presidency may reshape U.S. relationships with different international locations and influence America’s standing on the world stage. Analyses typically delve into potential shifts in alliances, commerce agreements, and diplomatic methods.
These solutions present a foundational understanding of the potential complexities related to a Trump presidency, as mentioned in numerous analyses and opinion items. Additional investigation and demanding engagement with various views are inspired.
The subsequent part will handle actionable steps for making ready for the potential realities of a Trump presidency.
Making ready for a Potential Trump Presidency
Contemplating the analyses surrounding a possible Trump presidency, similar to these discovered inside “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” prudent preparation turns into important. The next factors supply actionable methods for navigating potential modifications and mitigating potential dangers.
Tip 1: Diversify Monetary Investments: Financial uncertainty might accompany shifts in commerce coverage or regulatory frameworks. Diversifying investments throughout numerous asset lessons can mitigate potential losses in particular sectors.
Tip 2: Strengthen Neighborhood Networks: Potential social divisions underscore the significance of strong group assist methods. Partaking with native organizations and constructing sturdy relationships with neighbors can present resilience in instances of social unrest.
Tip 3: Improve Media Literacy: Misinformation and biased reporting can proliferate in periods of political transition. Sharpening essential pondering abilities and verifying data from a number of sources is essential for knowledgeable decision-making.
Tip 4: Advocate for Coverage Positions: Partaking with elected officers and advocating for particular coverage positions permits for energetic participation in shaping the political panorama. Voicing issues and supporting initiatives aligned with particular person values can affect coverage outcomes.
Tip 5: Evaluate Healthcare Protection: Potential modifications to healthcare insurance policies necessitate an intensive overview of current protection choices. Understanding accessible plans and exploring various choices can guarantee satisfactory entry to medical care.
Tip 6: Doc Necessary Data: Potential coverage shifts associated to immigration or different social packages might necessitate the safeguarding of essential paperwork. Guaranteeing correct documentation and storage of important data is a prudent measure.
Tip 7: Assist Native Companies: Financial shifts can disproportionately have an effect on small companies. Supporting native enterprises strengthens group resilience and promotes financial stability.
These steps goal to equip people with the assets and methods essential to navigate the potential complexities of a Trump presidency. Proactive preparation can mitigate dangers and empower people to successfully interact with the evolving political panorama.
The next part presents a concluding abstract of the important thing issues raised all through this evaluation.
Conclusion
This evaluation has explored the multifaceted implications of the question “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The investigation underscored the significance of the Opednews platform, the importance of Dale Ruff’s authorial viewpoint, and the criticality of participating in knowledgeable public discourse. It highlighted potential impacts throughout numerous sectors, emphasizing the necessity for essential evaluation when evaluating coverage proposals and potential outcomes. Consideration of Ruff’s particular arguments, derived from the unique Opednews piece, offers a tangible framework for understanding the potential realities of a particular political future.
In the end, preparedness for any political state of affairs necessitates knowledgeable engagement and proactive planning. It requires a dedication to essential pondering, a willingness to contemplate various views, and a dedication to safeguarding core values. The problem lies in reworking consciousness into motion, making certain a resilient and engaged citizenry able to navigating the complexities of a dynamic political panorama. The longer term calls for considerate motion, not passive statement.